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Schizophrenia is a psychiatric mental illness that impairs an individual’s perception of reality, usually manifesting into hallucinations, paranoia and disorganized speech and thinking. Usually symptoms usually occur in young adulthood, but it can start at any age irrespective of race and gender. Studies suggest that schizophrenia results from a combination of factors i.e. genetics, neurobiology and social interactions. Economic conditions, and co-morbid conditions like clinical depression and anxiety disorders or substance abuse can also be contributory factors.
Symptoms That Suggests Schizophrenia
To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, a person must display two or more of the following, a significant time period, i.e.
·delusions
·hallucinations-hearing voices
·disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence)
·grossly disorganized behavior (e.g. dressing inappropriately, crying frequently)
·avolition (lack or decline in motivation)
·Social isolation- avoid potentially stressful social situations that may aggravate mental distress.
Diagnosis is currently based on the patient's self-reported experiences and observed behavior, because there is no laboratory test for schizophrenia.
A combination of the below treatments do help a person with schizophrenia:
·pharmacotherapy with antipsychotic medications; these primarily work by suppressing dopamine activity.
·psychotherapy, vocational and social rehabilitation are also important
·involuntary hospitalization in serious cases though hospital stays are less frequent and for shorter periods than they were in previous years.
·supportive relationships with loved ones- living in an environment where schizophrenia is disapproved of, often increases relapse.
There have been a number of international studies conducted on schizophrenia, to see how favorable long-term outcomes are for those who are diagnosed with it. The results showed that for patients who received treatment almost 40% made a full recovery- however social and cultural conditions played a significant part on their progress. Research has also suggested that patients who suffer with schizophrenia in developing countries (India, Colombia and Nigeria) ,have much better long-term outcomes than those in developed countries (USA, UK, Ireland, Denmark, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Japan, and Russia). This outcome raised questions about the effectiveness of such drug-based treatments, due to the fact that antipsychotic drugs are typically not widely available in developing countries.
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