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Anginais the abbreviationfor the full medical term Angina Pectoris. Angina is a chest pain due to a lack of blood and oxygen supplying the heart muscle, because there is an obstruction or spasm in the coronary arteries. Coronary artery disease, the main cause of angina, is due to atherosclerosis of the cardiac arteries. In the USA, around 6.4 million a year are estimated to experience angina.
Major risk factors for angina are: cigarette smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, hypertension non-active lifestyle and family history of premature heart disease.
Common symptoms patients present with;
Angina pain can be triggered when the heart muscle is working hard to create a greater blood flow, usually when involved in physical activity, stress, strong emotion such as anger or excitement, cold, windy weather, or a large meal.
There are four common types of angina:
Stable angina
This is the most common type of angina. The pain is usually brought on by physical exertion, when the heart is working harder than normal, and usually last no longer than 3- 10 minutes. It is usually relieved by rest or by angina medicines, and may return if the activity that caused it is resumed. Stable angina can progress to unstable angina.
Unstable angina
Unstable angina is the first type of angina experienced. Unstable angina does not follow a regular pattern and can be brought on by only a small amount of physical effort for e.g. walking a few steps, resting or lying in bed at night. The symptoms for unstable angina,are worse than stable angina. The pains are more severe and frequent, and last longer, sometimes up to half an hour. Even after medication is taken the pain sometimes remains for a while.
Variant angina
This is called Prinzmetal's angina. It usually occurs in younger women, and the patients do have normal coronary arteries or insignificant atherosclerosis. It is thought to be caused by spasms of the artery.
Angina can be diagnosed by:
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