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Anaemia is the most common disorder of the blood. Anemia can go undetected in many people, because the symptoms can be quite small and not very persistent. There are several different types of anemia, produced by a variety of underlying causes. Anemia can be detected in many ways, but the most usual method is based on counting the Red Blood Cells (RBCs), and their morphology.
There are three main classes of anemia, these are:
In the United States, 20% of females of childbearing age are affected by anemia. Due to the fact that the symptoms are quite subtle, many women are unaware that they have this disorder, because they relate the symptoms to the stress of their daily lives. On average a woman loses around two milligrams of iron daily. Therefore, she must ensure that her diet includes a similar intake of iron, to make up for this loss. Iron deficiency from nutritional causes is rare in men and post-menopausal women.
During pregnancy, a woman should be especially aware of the symptoms of anemia because they have an increased chance of developing anemia. With each pregnancy a woman loses approximately 500 milligrams of iron, compared to during their period where they lose between 4-100 milligrams of iron. If the mother-to-be develops anemia then she must be carefully monitored, in order to reduce the risks of:
Children who suffer from Chronic Anemia are infants that have impaired neurological development. This may lead to disturbed behavior, and reduce their academic performance in school.
There are many different treatments for anaemia , the treatment depends on how severe the case is and the cause.
Mild to moderate iron deficiency anemia is treated by iron supplementation with ferrous sulfate or ferrous gluconate. Vitamin supplements given orally (folic acid) or subcutaneously (vitamin b-12) will help replace specific deficiencies. The intake of vitamins like vitamin C , helps the body to absorb iron.
The most common symptoms of people who present with anemia, is the feeling of weakness, fatigue, general malaise and sometimes poor concentration. People with more severe anemia often report dyspnea (shortness of breath). Very severe anemia prompts the body to compensate by increasing cardiac output, leading to palpitations and sweatiness, and eventually heart failure. In moderate and severe cases of anemia, a person who is Pallor (pale skin, mucosal linings and nail beds) can be another sign, however this is not always apparent.
In cases where a patients has a chronic disease and they are suffering from anemia, because they are receiving chemotherapy, or have renal disease, some physcians prescribe recombinant erythropoietin, epoetin alfa, to stimulate red cell production.
In severe cases of anemia, or when there is ongoing blood loss, a blood transfusion may be necessary.
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